Yuichiro Nishimura

Seto et al. (2019). Analysis of OSM data through OSM-Notes user posting In: Minghini, M., Grinberger, A.Y., Juhász, L., Yeboah, G., Mooney, P. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2019, 15-16. Heidelberg, Germany, September 21-23, 2019. Available at https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2019 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3387685

1. はじめに 東日本大震災の「釜石の奇跡」が例に挙げられるよ うに,防災教育を実施する重要性とその効果が認識さ れている。しかし,防災教育の実施は未だ手探りであ る場合が多く,体系化したプログラムが提供されてい ないため,学校防災では現場教員の意識・知識に頼ら ざるを得ない状況であり,実施内容や頻度は学校にお いて違いが生じている。 本報告では,愛媛県西条市において 2006 年度から 取り組まれ続けてきた防災に関する「12 歳教育」の 現状と課題を考察する。ヒアリング調査・アンケート 調査から「12 歳教育」の効果と継続性の要素を整理 し,地理的要素である空間認識と地域特性の理解を取 り入れた総合的防災教育プログラムである「新 12 歳 教育」の提案を行うことを目的としている。 2. 愛媛県西条市 愛媛県西条市は瀬戸内海・豊後水道に面し,背後に 石鎚山を最高峰とする四国山地に囲まれた愛媛県の 東部に位置する。2004年に来襲した台風 21号・23号 により市内の河川が氾濫し,荒廃した山地からの流木 により大きな被害が発生した。この災害を教訓として 西条市は,大人に近い体力・判断能力が備わってくる 12 歳という年齢に着目し,防災教育や福祉や環境に 関する活動などを行うことによって社会性を育て,子 供たちが災害時には家庭や地域で大きな働きをなせ るような力を身につけていくことを目的として 2006 年度から「12歳教育」に取り組んでいる。 「12 歳教育」は,西条市内の小学校 6 年生児童を 対象に総合学習の時間を用いて実施されている。各学 校は 4月に1年間の防災教育課題を決定し,夏休みに 代表児童が西条市が実施する「防災キャンプ」に参加 し,防災に関して学ぶ。その後各学校で防災教育活動 を行い,2月に西条市内の全 6年生が集まり「こども 防災サミット」と題した発表会を行う。 3. 調査概要 西条市教育委員会へのヒアリング調査並びに,西条 市内に立地する小学校 25校・中学校 10校の校長・教 頭にアンケート調査を実施した。ヒアリング調査は 2013年 12月,2014年 5月に実施し,アンケート調査 は 2014年 7月に実施した。アンケート調査は,12006 年度から実施されている 12 歳教育の取り組み内容, 212 歳教育の防災教育効果,3総合学習...

The author would like to discuss the state of the geographic education and the neo-geographical practices in Japan. Most of the geography education in universities are still old-fashioned and aimed for educating professionals, the new type of mapping practices like neo-geography are dissociated from it (Dodge and Perkins, 2008) In recent years, such neo-geographical practices also became popular in Japanese society. People come to recognize the importance of geospatial data especially when they facing at the several heavy disaster situations in Japan. For example, Japanese registered users of OpenStreetMap are over 3,700 in September 2013 (http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/User:Techstrom/JapanData) and the users still increasing now. Open data/government policies also interested Japanese ordinary people in the neo-geographical practices, because they need the geographic viewpoints and analysis using such open data/government for solving the local issues. Such neo-geographical pract...

The present paper discusses and proposes various types of countermeasures against earthquake disasters in a typical Japanese local city of Owari-asahi, equipped with the system to estimate strong ground motions with the highest and guaranteed accuracies. The estimations are objectively made, and the estimated values are always compared with the measured ones when earthquakes occur. Then the estimation algorisms are being statistically compensated to keep the highest accuracy. The results of the estimations are exhibited in digital maps on the web-GIS together with other information such as refuge places, hospitals, and so on, to share and to utilize the information with the local government and its communities. As the ground motions are estimated at every building point, the digital maps contribute to stir up great public awareness, and can be utilized to take the optimum action plans, such as seismic capacity evaluations, seismic strengthening, furniture anchoring, evacuation plann...

Although the data obtained from volunteered geographic information (VGI) are inherently different from public surveys, the quantity of the data are vast and the quality of the data are often poor. To improve the quality of VGI data, the positional accuracy and diversity and interaction of the number of users involved in the regional generation of the data are important. This research proposes a new approach for the accumulation of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data by using OSM Notes and attempts to analyze the geographical distribution and the characteristics of the contents of the contributions, quantitatively and qualitatively. Subsequently, the results demonstrated regional differences in OSM Notes, but it provided users with an understanding of the new features of quality management in OSM, even in regions where OSM activities are not necessarily active. In addition, it was also possible to discover new factors such as the time transition required for the correction and contribution of a...

"With the dissemination of GIS and geospatial technologies, the influence of these systems and technologies on not only geographical research but also society has been discussed in English-speaking countries since 1990s. Further, in Japan, as the production of geospatial data and diffusion of GIS have remarkably progressed, geospatial technologies are penetrating into business and daily life. The aim of this paper is to summarize the argument about the issues of GIS and society in English-speaking countries and consider their implications for the GIS studies in Japan.
To begin with, we examined the tone and background of the argument about the issues of GIS and society before 2000 mainly on the basis of the work of Schuurman who called this subject “Critical GIS” dividing the progress of the argument into three periods. As a result, it was found that the controversy between GIS scholars and social theorists in the early 1990s changed to cooperation between two groups around the mid 1990s owing to the dialog meeting held by NCGIA in the USA. This movement led to the establishment of Geographic Information Science that embraces the issues of GIS and society as a research subject.
Then, we traced the development of the argument since 2000, especially in North America, and found that the following themes concerning GIS and society have been discussed: the practice of PPGIS(Public Participation GIS)/PGIS (Participatory GIS), qualitative GIS raised by feminist geographers, social construction of GIS based on the perspective of STS (Science, Technology, and Society) studies, and ethical or legal issues of surveillance and privacy.
While these arguments are suggestive of GIS studies in Japan, Japanese scholars do not fully understand the point of the argument. This seems to be reflected in the partial understanding of PGIS that has been led on the initiative of the Japanese government. Recently, however, interest in the social impact of the sophistication of geospatial technologies has grown in Japan because of the increasing popularity of LBS (Location-Based Services) provided using mobile phones and the Internet. In addition, it is expected that enactment of Japanese NSDI (National Spatial Data Infrastructure) Law in 2007 will promote the prevalence of geospatial information and related technologies. Hence, Japanese scholars are now coming to grips with the issues related to GIS and society. While tackling these issues, we ought to consider the characteristics of the technological development and institutional/social context of GIS in Japan.

Key words: GIS (Geographic Information Systems), Social theory, Feminism, PPGIS(Public Participation GIS)/PGIS (Participatory GIS), STS (Science, Technology, and Society) studies
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Many time-allocation studies have adopted questionnaires(activity diaries)or direct obser- vation of informants. However, it is difficult to use questionnaires in rural areas of developing countries due to problems such as illiteracy, the fact that few people possess a watch, and the lack of place names in many rural and wild areas. Direct observation also has limitations be- cause it is not possible to obtain information from many informants simultaneously. We devel- oped a new survey method combining interviews with the use of GPS and GIS. The procedures are as follows.(1)Each informant is asked to carry a wristband GPS receiver for an entire day. The GPS unit records information related to the spatio-temporal aspects of the informant's ac- tivities. (2)After 24 hours of GPS, recording is completed ; then the data are stored and repre- sented visually using GIS software(ArcView 9.1). The investigator works out the shape of the spatio-temporal path of each informant by mapping tracking points with time information. (3) Subsequently, as GPS data reveals almost nothing about the content of activities, the investiga- tor interviews each informant to clarify details of activities: what activity was carried out, at what time, where, and with whom.
We conducted the survey in Dongkhuwaai Village, which is located about 30 km from Vien- tiane, the capital of Laos. The daily activities of villagers consist mainly of a combination of sub- sistence agriculture, fishing, hunting, and gathering. By carrying out this survey, in which 138 villagers participated, it was verified that the new survey method has the following merits. (1) Using GPS improves the accuracy of spatio-temporal data.(2)GPS data can be easily correlat- ed with satellite images and map data, which enables us to consider people's daily activities in combination with various geographical phenomena. (3)Investigators can obtain information outlining an informant's activities from GPS data before conducting interviews, thereby improv- ing the efficiency of interviews.

"The daily lives of the people in Laos are changing under modernization and the penetration
of market economy. In this paper, we consider how modernization affects their daily lives
through the change of jobs. We especially focus on the spatio-temporal flexibility of activities.
Introduction of employed works could make village people’s daily lives more inflexible than
before.
We use the daily activity data from Lao Expenditure and Consumption Survey (LECS) 2
(1997/98) and 3 (2002/03) as well as record of interview survey in a factory. We analyze the
space-time allocation of the activities in Vientiane municipality, from time-geographic scope."

Yesterday and Today Changes in Workers' Lives in Toyota City, Japan YUICHIRO NISHIMURA AND KOHEI OKAMOTO TOYOTA CITY, JAPAN, is the headquarters of Toyota Motor Corpo-ration (TMC). TMC has seven large plants in Toyota City, where about twenty-four thousand ...